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# Dynamic Kernel Module System (DKMS)

This intention of this README is to explain how DKMS can be used in conjunction with tarballs which contain a dkms.conf file within them.

The DKMS project (and any updates) can be found at: https://github.com/dell/dkms

## Installation

Installation is performed from the source directory with one of the following commands:

```
make install
make install-debian
make install-redhat
```

Distribution specific installations (RPM, DEB, etc.) are not contained in this source repository.

## Installation of DKMS Tarballs

DKMS can install directly from the following:

1. Generic module source tarballs which contain a dkms.conf file
2. Specially created DKMS tarballs with module source, pre-built module binaries and a `dkms.conf` file
3. Specially created DKMS tarballs with pre-built module binaries and a `dkms.conf` file
4. Manual placement of module source and `dkms.conf` file into `/usr/src/<module>-<moduleversion>/` directory

In order to load any tarball into the DKMS tree, you must use the following command:

```
# dkms ldtarball /path/to/dkms_enabled.tar.gz
```

This command will first inspect the tarball to ensure that it contains a `dkms.conf` configuration file for that module.
If it cannot find this file anywhere within the archive, then the `ldtarball` command will fail.

From here, it will place the source in the tarball into `/usr/src/<module>-<moduleversion>/`.
If source already exists in the directory, it will not overwrite it unless the `--force` option is specified.
If the tarball is of type "c" above and does not contain source, it will only continue to load the tarball if existing module source is found in `/usr/src/<module>-<moduleversion>/` or if the `--force` option is specified.

Continuing on, if the tarball is of type "b" or "c" it will then load any pre-built binaries found within the tarball into the DKMS tree, but will stop short of installing them.
Thus, all pre-built binaries will then be of in the *built* state when checked from the `dkms status` command. You can then use the `dkms install` command to install any of these binaries.

To create a tarball of type "1" above, you need only to take module source and a `dkms.conf` file for that module and create a tarball from them.
Tarballs of type *2* or type *3* are created with the `dkms mktarball` command.
To create a type *3* tarball, you must specify the flag `--binaries-only` along with the `mktarball` command.

### Installation on Systems with no Module Source and/or Compiler

If you choose not to load module source on your system or if you choose not to load a compiler such as gcc onto your system, DKMS can still be used to install modules.
It does this through use of DKMS binary only tarballs as explained in this README under tarballs of type *c*.

If your system does not have module source, loading the dkms tarball will fail because of this.
To avoid this, use the `--force` flag, as such:

```
# dkms ldtarball /path/to/dkms_enabled.tar.gz --force
```

This will load the pre-built binaries into the dkms tree, and create the directory `/usr/src/<module>-<moduleversion>/` which will only contain the module's `dkms.conf` configuration file.
Once the tarball is loaded, you can then use `dkms install` to install any of the pre-built modules.

Of course, since the module source will not be located in your DKMS tree, you will not be able to build any modules with DKMS for this package.

## Module signing

By default, DKMS generates a self signed certificate for signing modules at build time and signs every module that it builds before it gets compressed in the configured kernel compression mechanism of choice.

Private key and certificate are auto generated the first time DKMS is run and placed in `/var/lib/dkms`.
These certificate files can be pre-populated with your own certificates of choice.

The location as well can be changed by setting the appropriate variables in `/etc/dkms/framework.conf`.
For example, to allow usage of the system default Ubuntu `update-secureboot-policy` set the configuration file as follows:

```
mok_signing_key="/var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.priv"
mok_certificate="/var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.der"
```

NOTE: If any of the files specified by `mok_signing_key` and `mok_certificate` are non-existant, DKMS will re-create both files.

The paths specified in `mok_signing_key`, `mok_certificate` and `sign_file` can use the variable `${kernelver}` to represent the target kernel version.

```
sign_file="/lib/modules/${kernelver}/build/scripts/sign-file"
```

The variable `mok_signing_key` can also be a `pkcs11:...` string for a [PKCS#11 engine](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7512), as long as the `sign_file` program supports it.

### Code Signing extended key usage validation

Your kernel might be patched and compiled with the option `CONFIG_CHECK_CODESIGN_EKU` to assist with compliance to the NIAP Protection Profile for General Purpose Operating Systems.
Page 35 of [version 4.3 of the specification](https://www.niap-ccevs.org/protectionprofiles/469) states:

```
* The OS shall validate the extendedKeyUsage field according to the following rules:
* Certificates used for trusted updates and executable code integrity
verification shall have the Code Signing Purpose (id-kp 3 with OID
1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3) in the extendedKeyUsage field.
```

So from DKMS 3.1.7 the MOK self signed certificate is now generated with the `extendedKeyUsage` set to `codeSigning`.
This requires version *1.1.1 or newer* of the `openssl` command to be present on the system.

In case your system is validating the extended key usage and you have autogenerated keys from a DKMS version prior to 3.1.7, the keys need to be regenerated.
For example, assuming the default configuration:

```
# rm -fr /var/lib/dkms/mok.{key,pub}
# dkms generate_mok
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
```

## Secure Boot

On an UEFI system with Secure Boot enabled, modules require signing (as described in the above paragraph) before they can be loaded and the firmware of the system must know the correct public certificate to verify the module signature.

For importing the MOK certificate make sure `mokutil` is installed.

To check if Secure Boot is enabled:

```
# mokutil --sb-state
SecureBoot enabled
```

With the appropriate key material on the system, enroll the public key:

```
# mokutil --import /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
```

You'll be prompted to create a password. Enter it twice, it can also be blank.

Reboot the computer. At boot you'll see the MOK Manager EFI interface:

![SHIM UEFI key management](/images/mok-key-1.png)

Press any key to enter it, then select "Enroll MOK":

![Perform MOK management](/images/mok-key-2.png)

Then select "Continue":

![Enroll MOK](/images/mok-key-3.png)

And confirm with "Yes" when prompted:

![Enroll the key(s)?](/images/mok-key-4.png)

After this, enter the password you set up with `mokutil --import` in the
previous step:

![Enroll the key(s)?](/images/mok-key-5.png)

At this point you are done, select "OK" and the computer will reboot trusting
the key for your modules:

![Perform MOK management](/images/mok-key-6.png)

After reboot, you can inspect the MOK certificates with the following command:

```
# mokutil --list-enrolled | grep DKMS
Subject: CN=DKMS module signing key
```

To check the signature on a built DKMS module that is installed on a system:

```
# modinfo dkms_test | grep ^signer
signer: DKMS module signing key
```

The module can now be loaded without issues.

### MOK certificate encryption algorithm

UEFI specification 2.11 [contains a list of valid encryption keys](https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.11/37_Secure_Technologies.html#encryption-algorithm-properties) for the MOK certificate.
The list is quite limited, basically offering only RSA as a valid key type.
For maximum compatibility, DKMS generates the MOK certificate with a *2048 bit RSA key with SHA-2 256 as a digest*.

## Further Documentation

Once DKMS is installed, you can reference its man page for further information on different DKMS options and also to understand the formatting of a module's `dkms.conf` configuration file.

The DKMS project is located at: https://github.com/dell/dkms